What is Functional Communication Training (FCT) and its goal in reducing problem behavior?

• A. Teaching punishment to deter behavior
• B. Teaching an appropriate communication response to replace the function of the problem behavior
• C. Eliminating all communication
• D. Increasing reinforcement for problem behavior

Answer: (B)

Functional Communication Training focuses on replacing maladaptive behavior with a functional communication response that serves the same purpose as the problem behavior. By identifying the function the behavior serves—such as gaining attention, getting a preferred item, or escaping a demand—you teach an appropriate way to obtain the same outcome. The goal is to reduce the problem behavior by providing a simple, effective way to communicate needs or desires and reinforcing that alternative when it is used. Meanwhile, reinforcement for the problem behavior is reduced or withheld, so the new communication becomes the preferred means to access the same consequence. For example, if someone tantrums to escape a task, FCT teaches a brief request for a break and reinforces that request. This approach is about replacing behavior with functional communication, not punishment or eliminating all communication.